Breastfeeding must be given priority over circumcision

Lee¹ and Caplan² observed that male infants who are circumcised have a more difficult time initiating breastfeeding. Surprisingly, this problem had not been previously reported in the Journal of Human Lactation. Difficulty in feeding after circumcision has been documented in medical literature since 1982. Marshall and colleagues studied 59 bottle-fed mother-infant pairs and reported adverse changes in feeding behavior post-circumcision.³ More recently, Howard et al. studied 44 bottle-fed and breast-fed full-term infants who were undergoing circumcision. They reported:

Infants feed less frequently and are less available for interaction after circumcision. Subdued, less interactive behavior has been documented frequently. …Because most hospital discharges occurred 7 to 10 hours after circumcision, the data are inadequate to assess the duration of the effects on feeding. Neonatal circumcision are often performed on the day of discharge with many neonates leaving the hospital 3 to 6 hours postoperatively. Thus the observed deterioration in ability to breast-feed may potentially contribute to breast feeding failure. Furthermore some neonates in this study required formula supplementation because of maternal frustration with attempts at breast-feeding, or because the neonate was judged unable to breast-feed postoperatively. This finding is disconcerting because early formula supplementation is associated with decreased breast-feeding duration.⁴

Medical authorities strongly recommend anesthesia for circumcision, however, a 1998 survey showed that 45% of doctors do not use anesthesia.⁵ Circumcision is a painful, stressful, exhausting, debilitating, and traumatic experience for many infants. Emde et al. found infants have prolonged periods of non-REM sleep after circumcision consistent with a theory of conservation-withdrawal,⁶ so are less capable of interaction with the mother.

Infant circumcision is a non-therapeutic procedure without documented benefit for the infant.⁷ Therefore, no harm can come to an infant from foregoing or postponing a circumcision. The Work Group on Breastfeeding of the American Academy of Pediatrics formally recommends that such stressful procedures be avoided.⁸ The AAP recognizes breastfeeding as primary in achieving optimal infant and child health, growth, and development.⁸ Therefore, successful initiation of breastfeeding should be given absolute priority over neonatal circumcision.

Prospective parents should be warned in advance of circumcisions interference with breastfeeding. While current informed medical opinion does not support the practice, some parents, however, still have their baby circumcised. In this case, the circumcision should be avoided at least until breastfeeding is well established. Such a recommendation should be a part of all printed material regarding breastfeeding that is provided to expectant mothers in advance of delivery and should be volunteered by lactation consultants in every pre-partum counseling session.

References

Lee N. Circumcision and breastfeeding. [Letter]. J Hum Lact 2000;16(4):295.
Caplan L. Circumcision and breastfeeding: a response to Nicki Lees letter [Letter]. J Hum Lact 2001;17(1):7.
Marshall RE, Porter FL, Rogers AG, et al. Circumcision: II effects on mother-infant interaction. Early Hum Dev 1982; 7(4): 367-74.
Howard CR, Howard FM, and Weitzman ML. Acetaminophen analgesia in neonatal circumcision: the effect on pain. Pediatrics 1994;93(4):641-646.
Stang HJ, Snellman LW. Circumcision practice patterns in the United States. Pediatrics 1998;101:e5.
Emde, RN, Harmon RJ, Metcalf D, et al. Stress and neonatal sleep. Psychosom Med 1971;33(6):491-7.
Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. Report 10: Neonatal circumcision. Chicago: American Medical Association, 1999.
Workgroup on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk (RE97929). Pediatrics 1997;100(6):1035-9.

Citation:

Hill G. Breastfeeding must be given priority over circumcision. J Hum Lact. 2003-02;19(1):21.

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