Incidence of Medically-Unnecessary Non-therapeutic Male Neonatal Circumcision in Selected States

Incidence of Circumcision by State

This file contains data on the incidence of medically-unnecessary non-therapeutic circumcision in twenty-six states through 2006. These data are provided by the Health Care Utilization Project (External link HCUP) of the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (External link AHRQ) of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Partial data is provided for thirty states for eight years through 2006.

These data have been collected, sorted, and tabulated by Mr. Hugh O'Donnell into several categories, including type of insurance and by race.

Circumcision data for some (but not all) states is available from the External link HCUPnet site.

US Infant Circumcision Rates in 2006 by State

The slow overall downward trend in the inpatient infant circumcision rate continued in 2006. Compared with 2005, the rate fell in 11 of the 26 states for which data is available, was unchanged in 11 and rose in 4, and the overall rate in the 26 states fell from 50.3% to 49.9%. Excluding California, one of the states in which the rate rose, the average rate fell by a little less than 1%.

Of 20 states for which data is available for both 2001 and 2006, plus Nevada, for 2002 and 2006, the rate fell between the earlier year and 2006 in 15 – by over 10% in 3 states and by at least 5% in a further 6 states – and was unchanged in the remaining 6.

Of 11 states for which data is available from 1997 to 2006, the rate fell between 1997 and 2006 in 10 and was unchanged in the remaining 1 (California).

Inpatient infant circumcision rates (%)

Changes in inpatient infant circumcision rates (%)
==================================================
                                         Change   
                                      ------------
                                       2005   2001
State            2006   2005   2001   -2006  -2006
--------------   ----   ----   ----    ----   ----
Arizona           23     24     41      -1    -18 
Arkansas          66     66                       
California        22     21     22      +1        
Colorado          63     63     63                
Florida           38     38     47             -9 
Hawaii            80     81     84      -1     -4
Iowa              82     82     82                
Kansas            76     76                       
Kentucky          80     84     85      -4     -5 
Maryland          73     74             -1        
Michigan          85     85     85                
Minnesota         70     77     73      -7     -3 
Missouri          77     77     84             -7 
Nebraska          80     79             +1     -1 
Nevada            13     14             -1     -4 
New Hampshire     76     76                       
New Jersey        66     66     69             -3 
New York          59     59     59                
North Carolina    56     58     75            -19 
Oklahoma          72     71             +1        
Oregon            27     28     35      -1     -8 
Utah              49     51     68      -2    -19 
Vermont           66     66     71             -5 
Washington        23     24     28      -1     -5 
West Virginia     85     82     85      +3        
Wisconsin         82     83     84      -1     -2 


Changes in inpatient infant circumcision rates since 2001 by size
=================================================================
State            2006   2001   Change
--------------   ----   ----   ------
Utah              49     68     -19 
North Carolina    56     75     -19 
Arizona           23     41     -18 
Florida           38     47      -9 
Oregon            27     35      -8 
Missouri          77     84      -7 
Washington        23     28      -5 
Vermont           66     71      -5 
Kentucky          80     85      -5      
Nevada            13     17*     -4
Hawaii            80     84      -4 
New Jersey        66     69      -3 
Minnesota         70     73      -3
Wisconsin         82     84      -2 
Nebraska          80     81      -1 

New York          59     59       0 
California        22     22       0 
Colorado          63     63       0 
Iowa              82     82       0 
Michigan          85     85       0 
West Virginia     85     85       0 

* 2002


Changes in inpatient infant circumcision rates since 1997 by size
=================================================================
State            2006   1997   Change
--------------   ----   ----   ------
Utah              49     69     -20 
Oregon            27     40     -13 
Arizona           23     35     -12 
Washington        23     33     -10 
Florida           38     48     -10 
New Jersey        66     74      -8 
Colorado          63     69      -6 
Hawaii            80     86      -6 
New York          59     62      -3 
Iowa              82     84      -2 

California        22     22       0 


Inpatient infant circumcision rates (%)
=======================================

Overall
------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
--------------   ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Arizona           23   24   25   26   39   41   39   38   39   35 
Arkansas          66   66   67                                    
California        22   21   21   22   21   22   22   23   23   22 
Colorado          63   63   63   63   63   63   65   66   68   69 
Florida           38   38   39   44   47   47   48   49   50   48 
Hawaii            80   81   82   83   83   84   83   84   85   86 
Iowa              82   82   82   81   82   82   83   83   83   84 
Kansas            76   76                                         
Kentucky          80   84   85   84   84   85                     
Maine                            72   71   71                     
Maryland          73   74                                         
Massachusetts          67   67   67   67   66   67   67   70   70 
Michigan          85   85   85   85   85   85                     
Minnesota         70   77   77   74   73   73                     
Missouri          77   77   78   79   83   84                     
Nebraska          80   79   81   81   81   81
Nevada            13   14   14   15   17                          
New Hampshire     76   76   76   75                               
New Jersey        66   66   67   68   69   69   71   72   74   74 
New York          59   59   59   60   60   59   59   60   62   62 
North Carolina    56   58   58   61   74   75   77                
Oklahoma          72   71                                         
Oregon            27   28   30   31   34   35   37   38   41   40 
Rhode Island           74   74   72   74                          
South Carolina         83   83   85   85   86   86   87   88   88 
Utah              49   51   53   62   68   68   70   70   70   69 
Vermont           66   66   68   72   73   71                     
Washington        23   24   26   26   27   28   29   29   31   33 
West Virginia     85   82   83   79   84   85                     
Wisconsin         82   83   83   84   84   84                     



Medicaid
------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
--------------   ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Arizona*           4    3    3    4   20   25   21   24   23   14 
Arkansas          61   61   63                                    
California*        4    4    4    4    5    5    5    5    5    5 
Colorado          51   50   49   48   47   50   49   51   56   55 
Florida*          20   21   21   29   36   35   35   37   37   37 
Hawaii            77   78   78   82   80   82   82   82   84   87 
Iowa              81   78   79   78   80   78   80   79   84   82 
Kansas            70   71                                         
Kentucky          78   82   82   80   79   79                     
Maine                            71   70   70                     
Maryland          68   69                                         
Massachusetts          57   56   56   56   56   56   57   62   61 
Michigan          84   83   83   84   83   83                     
Minnesota         54   70   69   69   67   68                     
Missouri*         69   69   70   70   76   81                     
Nebraska          70   69   73   74   76   71                     
Nevada*            8    9    9    9   12                          
New Hampshire     78   76   75   74                               
New Jersey        53   54   55   56   57   60   60   64   63   65 
New York          49   48   48   49   48   46   46   46   49   49 
North Carolina*   39   41   40   43   67   68   73                
Oklahoma          66   65                                         
Oregon*            8   10   10   12   14   16   19   20   21   21 
Rhode Island           63   63   60   61                          
South Carolina         80   81   84   84   85   85   85   87   88 
Utah*             14   20   24   40   54   54   49   49   52   57 
Vermont           69   69   72   75   75   73                     
Washington*        9   14   15   16   12   20   12   12   14   15 
West Virginia     83   80   82   76   84   83                     
Wisconsin         78   78   79   80   80   80                     

* Medicaid currently does not cover non-therapeutic circumcision



Private Insurance
------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
--------------   ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Arizona           47   50   44   42   61   58   57   53   54   45 
Arkansas          74   75   75                                    
California        40   37   38   37   36   36   36   36   37   37 
Colorado          73   73   73   73   73   72   73   73   75   76 
Florida           61   61   61   62   61   61   61   61   62   61 
Hawaii            83   84   85   85   85   85   84   86   86   87 
Iowa              85   85   84   84   85   86   86   86   85   87 
Kansas            80   81                                         
Kentucky          86   89   90   88   88   89                     
Maine                            73   70   72                     
Maryland          77   78                                         
Massachusetts          72   72   72   71   71   71   71   74   74
Michigan          86   86   86   86   87   87                     
Minnesota         76   79   81   74   74   73                     
Missouri          88   87   88   89   90   88                     
Nebraska          85   84   86   84   84   86                     
Nevada            15   17   18   19   20                          
New Hampshire     75   77   77   76                               
New Jersey        72   73   73   73   74   74   75   75   77   76 
New York          67   67   68   68   69   67   68   69   71   72 
North Carolina    80   81   81   81   83   84   82                
Oklahoma          83   83                                         
Oregon            43   45   48   47   49   48   50   51   54   52 
Rhode Island           82   82   81   82                          
South Carolina         88   88   88   89   89   90   90   90   90 
Utah              67   70   72   74   74   75   76   76   75   74 
Vermont           64   64   64   70   72   71                     
Washington        34   34   35   37   40   34   41   39   41   44 
West Virginia     87   84   85   82   85   87                     
Wisconsin         86   87   87   87   87   87                     


White
------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
--------------   ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Arizona           40   41   43   44   59   59   58   55   57   52 
Arkansas          72   73   73                                    
California        37   36   36   37   37   37   37   37   37   37 
Colorado          76   77   77   76   76   74   75   75   76   75 
Florida           51   53   53   58   61   61   62   61   61   59 
Hawaii            71   72   77   78   76   80   78   79   80   79 
Iowa              85   85   84   84   85   84   85   85   85   85 
Kansas            82   82                                         
Maryland          82   82                                         
Massachusetts          76   76   75   76   74   75   75   78   77 
Michigan          88   89   88   88   89   88                     
Missouri          78   78   80   81   85   86
New Hampshire     78   79   78   77                               
New Jersey        73   75   76   77   77   77   79   78   81   79 
New York          68   68   69   70   71   70   71   71   72   73 
North Carolina    73   73   71   72   83   85   83                
Oklahoma          80   80                                         
Rhode Island           83   81   80   84                          
South Carolina         89   89   90   90   90   90   89   90   90 
Utah              56   51   46   66   75   76   73   76   81   63 
Vermont           67   67   68   72   73   73                     
Wisconsin         90   90   89   90   90   89                     


Black
------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
--------------   ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Arizona           22   19   21   24   45   46   43   45   41   30 
Arkansas          68   66   70                                    
California        28   25   25   24   25   25   25   27   26   25
Colorado          88   82   82   80   79   76   79   83   79   67 
Florida           29   29   29   38   44   44   43   43   44   40 
Iowa              89   83   87   79   86   86   87   77   82   82 
Kansas            79   80                                         
Maryland          82   83                                         
Massachusetts          77   79   79   73   73   69   71   74   71 
Michigan          91   90   90   89   89   89                     
Missouri          88   85   86   86   87   87                     
New Jersey        86   84   84   84   83   82   82   82   83   80 
New York          73   73   73   71   69   65   65   65   69   67 
North Carolina    64   63   54   55   83   82   83                
Oklahoma          80   75                                         
Rhode Island           83   81   79   78                          
South Carolina         88   88   90   89   89   89   88   89   89 
Wisconsin         91   90   93   92   91   89                     


Hispanic
------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
--------------   ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Arizona            7    7    7    7   14   16    6   14   15   13 
Arkansas          18   17   17                                    
California         9    8    8    8    8    8    9    9    9    8 
Colorado          38   35   35   32   33   32   33   36   41   41 
Florida           20   18   19   21   22   21   21   22   24   23 
Hawaii            57   66   64   54   68   69   65   67   67   60 
Kansas            35   33                                         
Maryland          27   28                                         
Massachusetts          33   32   31   30   30   28   30   32   31 
Michigan          40   40   40   44   42   43                     
Missouri          30   28   31   37   33   40                     
Nebraska          30   26   26                                    
New Hampshire     46   39   37   41                               
New Jersey        42   42   41   41   47   43   45   46   48   53
New York          35   32   33   32   31   31   30   31   34   35 
Oklahoma          25   28                                         
Rhode Island           36   39   35   33                          
South Carolina         66   60   60   64   67   69   76   71   76 
Utah              11    8        15   18   20   11                
Wisconsin         39   37   37   42   42   43                     


Asian/Pacific Islander
------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
--------------   ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Arizona           32   32   33   28   36   38   13   37   37   37 
Arkansas          60   48   39                                    
California        30   27   28   28   27   27   27   27   29   28 
Colorado          51   50   49   48   44   42   46   45   48   52 
Florida           41   40   41   42   43   44   44   62   47   42 
Hawaii            81   84   83   85   85   85   84   86   87   89 
Iowa              43   43   45   46   37   36   44   39   35   46 
Kansas            50   47
Maryland          53   53                                         
Massachusetts          36   31   34   30   32   32   30   36   38 
Michigan          49   47   50   46   48   49                     
Missouri          59   58   58   57   60   67                     
New Jersey        46   49   51   54   54   53   56   55   59   65 
New York          42   38   40   39   40   38   40   39   45   45 
North Carolina    35   36   25   22   25   23   27                
Oklahoma          54   60                                         
Rhode Island           45   50   41   41                          
South Carolina         59   55   61   61   59   54   59   64   59 
Utah              36   30   29   46                               
Wisconsin         24   25   25   24   24   20                     


Native American
------------------------------------------------------------------
State            2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
--------------   ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Arizona            8    5    5    7   13   21    7   14   18   12 
California        19   19   19   21   21   23   19   17   19   19 
Florida           26   23   26   45   39   43   45   66   42   44 
Kansas            81   81                                         
Maryland          63   53                                         
Michigan          62   69   71   67   71   72                     
New Jersey        37   29   36   41   37   35   37   42   43   47 
New York          56   52   54   55   52   54   47   49   53   55 
North Carolina    73   77   65   55   77   79   80                
Oklahoma          71   73                                         
Wisconsin         92   92   81   88   84   90                     



Inpatient infant circumcision rates (%) in 2006
===============================================

State             All   M'aid  Priv.  White  Black  Hisp.  A/PI  Amer
--------------   -----  -----  -----  -----  -----  -----  ----  ----
Arizona           23      4     47     40     22      7     32     8 
Arkansas          66     61     74     72     68     18     60       
California        22      4     40     37     28      9     30    19 
Colorado          63     51     73     76     88     38     51       
Florida           38     20     61     51     29     20     41    26 
Hawaii            80     77     83     71            57     81       
Iowa              82     81     85     85     89            43       
Kansas            76     70     80     82     79     35     50    81 
Kentucky          80     78     86                                   
Maryland          73     68     77     82     83     27     53    63 
Michigan          85     84     86     88     91     40     49    62 
Minnesota         70     54     76                                   
Missouri          77     69     88     78     88     30     59       
Nebraska          80     70     85                   30              
Nevada            13      8     15                                   
New Hampshire     76     78     75     78            46     38       
New Jersey        66     53     72     73     86     42     46    37 
New York          59     49     67     68     73     35     42    56
North Carolina    56     39     80     73     64            35    73 
Oklahoma          72     66     83     80     80     25     54    71 
Oregon            27      8     43                                   
Utah              49     14     67     56            11     36       
Vermont           66     69     64     67                            
Washington        23      9     34                                   
West Virginia     85     83     87                                   
Wisconsin         82     78     86     90     91     39     24    92 


Inpatient infant circumcision rates (%) by state
================================================

Figures in parentheses are births in category as percentage of all
births in 2006 (or year of latest figures if earlier).

Arizona
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               23   24   25   26   39   41   39   38   39   35
Payer
  Medicaid (51%)   4    3    3    4   20   25   21   24   23   14
  Private  (41%)  47   50   44   42   61   58   57   53   54   45
Race/Ethn.
  White    (46%)  40   41   43   44   59   59   58   55   57   52
  Black    ( 3%)  22   19   21   24   45   46   43   45   41   30
  Hispanic (42%)   7    7    7    7   14   16   14   14   15   13
  Asian/PI ( 2%)  32   32   33   28   36   38   30   37   37   37
  Native   ( 3%)   8    5    5    7   13   21   16   14   18   12
  Other    ( 2%)  27   24   20   24   40   44   30   27   28   14
  Missing  ( 2%)  18   26   26   32   44                       47


Arkansas
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004
                 ---- ---- ----
All               66   66   67
Payer
  Medicaid (56%)  61   61   63
  Private  (32%)  74   75   75
Race/Ethn.
  White    (71%)  72   73   73
  Black    (19%)  68   66   70
  Hispanic ( 9%)  18   17   17
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  60   48   39
  Other    ( 1%)  68   56   50
  Missing  (<1%)       72   67


California
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               22   21   21   22   21   22   22   23   23   22
Payer
  Medicaid (47%)   4    4    4    4    5    5    5    5    5    5
  Private  (48%)  40   37   38   37   36   36   36   36   37   37
Race/Ethn.
  White    (32%)  37   36   36   37   37   37   37   37   37   37
  Black    ( 5%)  28   25   25   24   25   25   25   27   26   25
  Hispanic (48%)   9    8    8    8    8    8    9    9    9    8
  Asian/PI (10%)  30   27   28   28   27   27   27   27   29   28
  Native   (<1%)  19   19   19   21   21   23   19   17   19   19
  Other    ( 3%)  28   25   25   27   25   26   27   26   25   25
  Missing  ( 1%)  34   31   31   31   26   30   27   34   34   35


Colorado
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               63   63   63   63   63   63   65   66   68   69
Payer
  Medicaid (34%)  51   50   49   48   47   50   49   51   56   55
  Private  (57%)  73   73   73   73   73   72   73   73   75   76
Race/Ethn.
  White    (45%)  76   77   77   76   76   74   75   75   76   75
  Black    ( 3%)  88   82   82   80   79   76   79   83   79   67
  Hispanic (18%)  38   35   35   32   33   32   33   36   41   41
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  51   50   49   48   44   42   46   45   48   52
  Other    ( 3%)  60   66   66   70   70   69   70   72   76   70
  Missing  (30%)  59   61   59   61   61   65   68   67   69   76


Florida
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               38   38   39   44   47   47   48   49   50   48
Payer
  Medicaid (47%)  20   21   21   29   36   35   35   37   37   37
  Private  (42%)  61   61   61   62   61   61   61   61   62   61
Race/Ethn.
  White    (48%)  51   53   53   58   61   61   62   61   61   59
  Black    (21%)  29   29   29   38   44   44   43   43   44   40
  Hispanic (24%)  20   18   19   21   22   21   21   22   24   23
  Asian/PI ( 2%)  41   40   41   42   43   44   44   62   47   42
  Native   (<1%)  26   23   26   45   39   43   45   66   42   44
  Other    ( 4%)  32   32   32   36   39   37   38   37   37   38
  Missing  ( 1%)  35   37   39   48   47   49   52   64   69   66


Hawaii
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               80   81   82   83   83   84   83   84   85   86
Payer
  Medicaid (38%)  77   78   78   82   80   82   82   82   84   87
  Private  (56%)  83   84   85   85   85   85   84   86   86   87
Race/Ethn.
  White    (13%)  71   72   77   78   76   80   78   79   80   79
  Hispanic ( 2%)  57   66   64   54   68   69   65   67   67   60
  Asian/PI (51%)  81   84   83   85   85   85   84   86   87   89
  Other    (10%)  78   78                                      87
  Missing  (23%)  84   87   89   91   86   87   90   86   95   95


Iowa
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               82   82   82   81   82   82   83   83   83   84
Payer
  Medicaid (34%)  81   78   79   78   80   78   80   80   84   82
  Private  (59%)  85   85   84   84   85   86   86   86   85   87
Race/Ethn.
  White    (61%)  85   85   84   84   85   84   85   85   85   85
  Black    ( 3%)  89   83   87   80   86   85   87   78   82   82
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  43   43   45   46   37   36   44   39   35   46
  Native   ( 1%)  93   71   85                                   
  Missing  (34%)  78   78   78   79   79   81   82   82   83   84


Kansas
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005
                 ---- ----
All               76   76 
Payer
  Medicaid (58%)  70   71 
  Private  (31%)  80   81 
Race/Ethn.
  White    (60%)  82   82 
  Black    ( 7%)  79   80 
  Hispanic (11%)  35   33 
  Asian/PI ( 2%)  50   47 
  Native   (<1%)  81   81 
  Other    ( 4%)  64   73 
  Missing  (15%)  85   84 


Kentucky
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               80   84   85   84   84   85
Payer
  Medicaid (50%)  78   82   82   80   79   79
  Private  (38%)  86   89   90   88   88   89


Maine
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All                              72   71   71
Payer
  Medicaid (36%)                 71   70   70
  Private  (56%)                 73   70   72


Maryland
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005
                 ---- ----
All               73   74 
Payer
  Medicaid (40%)  68   69 
  Private  (57%)  77   78 
Race/Ethn.
  White    (48%)  82   82 
  Black    (31%)  82   83 
  Hispanic (12%)  27   28 
  Asian/PI ( 5%)  53   53 
  Native   (<1%)  63   53 
  Other    ( 4%)  60   57 
  Missing  (<1%)  72   59 


Massachusetts
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All                    67   67   67   67   66   67   67   70   70
ayer
  Medicaid (33%)       57   56   56   56   56   56   57   62   61
  Private  (66%)       72   72   72   71   71   71   71   74   74
Race/Ethn.
  White    (66%)       76   76   75   76   74   75   75   78   77
  Black    ( 7%)       77   79   79   73   73   69   71   74   71
  Hispanic (12%)       33   32   31   30   30   28   30   32   31
  Asian/PI ( 5%)       36   31   34   30   32   32   30   36   38
  Native                                             57   60   54
  Other    ( 5%)       51   48   46   46   48   45   46   48   50
  Missing  ( 5%)       65   64   65   66   63   63   58   63   69


Michigan
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               85   85   85   85   85   85
Payer
  Medicaid (39%)  84   83   83   84   83   83
  Private  (58%)  86   86   86   86   87   87
Race/Ethn.
  White    (49%)  88   89   88   88   89   88
  Black    (15%)  91   90   90   89   89   89
  Hispanic ( 3%)  40   40   40   44   42   43
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  49   47   50   46   48   49
  Native   (<1%)  62   69   71   67   71   72
  Other    ( 2%)  72   70   74   72   68   66
  Missing  (30%)  83   83   83   84   85   86


Minnesota
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               70   77   77   74   73   73
Payer
  Medicaid (18%)  54   70   69   69   67   68
  Private  (60%)  76   79   81   74   74   73


Missouri
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               77   77   78   79   83   84
Payer
  Medicaid (43%)  69   69   70   70   76   81
  Private  (49%)  88   87   88   89   90   88
Race/Ethn.
  White    (75%)  78   78   80   81   85   86
  Black    (14%)  88   85   86   86   87   87
  Hispanic ( 4%)  30   28   31   37   33   40
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  59   58   58   57   60   67
  Other    ( 3%)  62   59   62   62   75   76
  Missing  ( 2%)  85   88   87   79   84   83


Nebraska
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               80   79   81   81   81   81
Payer
  Medicaid (33%)  70   69   73   74   76   71
  Private  (63%)  85   84   86   84   84   86
Race/Ethn.
  Hispanic ( 2%)  19   26   26          
  Missing  (94%)  81   80   82          


Nevada
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               13   14   14   15   17
Payer
  Medicaid (27%)   8    9    9    9   12
  Private  (53%)  15   17   18   19   20


New Hampshire
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003
                 ---- ---- ---- ----
All               76   76   76   75
Payer
  Medicaid (28%)  78   76   75   74
  Private  (67%)  75   77   77   76
Race/Ethn.
  White    (89%)  78   79   78   77
  Hispanic ( 2%)  46   39   37   41
  Asian/PI ( 2%)  44   38   50   44
  Other    ( 3%)  57   66   59   65
  Missing  ( 3%)  77   68   69   69


New Jersey
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               66   66   67   68   69   69   71   72   74   74
Payer
  Medicaid (16%)  53   54   55   56   57   60   60   64   63   65
  Private  (73%)  72   73   73   73   74   74   75   75   77   76
Race/Ethn.
  White    (52%)  73   75   76   77   77   77   79   78   81   79
  Black    (14%)  86   84   84   84   83   82   82   82   83   81
  Hispanic (17%)  42   42   41   41   47   43   45   46   48   53
  Asian/PI ( 6%)  46   49   51   54   54   53   56   55   59   65
  Native   (<1%)  37   29   36   41   37   35   37   42   43   47
  Other    ( 6%)  47   47   58   59   53   50   61   66   68   68
  Missing  ( 5%)  64   66   62   63   69   70   64   69   67   69


New York
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               59   59   59   60   60   59   59   60   62   62
Payer
  Medicaid (41%)  49   48   48   49   48   46   46   46   49   49
  Private  (50%)  67   67   68   68   69   67   68   69   71   72
Race/Ethn.
  White    (48%)  68   68   69   70   71   70   71   71   72   73
  Black    (15%)  73   73   73   71   69   65   65   65   69   67
  Hispanic (17%)  35   32   33   32   31   31   30   31   34   35
  Asian/PI ( 6%)  42   38   40   39   40   38   40   39   45   45
  Native   (<1%)  56   52   54   55   52   54   47   49   53   55
  Other    ( 9%)  39   39   38   40   38   38   36   36   38   37
  Missing  ( 5%)  61   63   64   65   66   63   64   65   68   61


North Carolina
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               56   58   58   61   74   75   77
Payer
  Medicaid (48%)  39   41   40   43   67   68   73
  Private  (43%)  80   81   81   81   83   84   82
Race/Ethn.
  White    (32%)  73   73   71   72   83   85   83
  Black    (12%)  64   63   54   55   83   82   83
  Asian/PI ( 1%)  35   36   25   22   25   23   27
  Native   ( 1%)  73   77   65   55   77   79   80
  Other    (11%)  19   17   18   17   23   28   35
  Missing  (43%)  52   56   58   65   75   75   78


Oklahoma
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005
                 ---- ----
All               72   71 
Payer
  Medicaid (58%)  66   65 
  Private  (35%)  83   83 
Race/Ethn.
  White    (69%)  80   80 
  Black    ( 9%)  80   75 
  Hispanic (11%)  25   24 
  Asian/PI ( 2%)  54   60 
  Native   ( 5%)  71   73 
  Other    ( 2%)  53   41 
  Missing  ( 2%)  71   65 


Oregon
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               27   28   30   31   34   35   37   38   41   40
Payer
  Medicaid (40%)   8   10   10   12   14   16   19   20   21   21
  Private  (52%)  43   45   48   47   49   48   50   51   54   52


Rhode Island
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All                    74   74   72   74
Payer
  Medicaid (42%)       63   63   60   61
  Private  (55%)       82   82   81   82
Race/Ethn.
  White    (67%)       83   81   80   84
  Black    ( 8%)       83   81   79   78
  Hispanic (10%)       36   39   35   33
  Asian/PI ( 3%)       45   50   41   41
  Other    ( 1%)                 41   54
  Missing  (11%)       54   58   65   97


South Carolina
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All                    83   83   85   85   86   86   87   88   88
Payer
  Medicaid (54%)       80   81   84   84   85   85   85   87   88
  Private  (37%)       88   88   88   89   89   90   90   90   90
Race/Ethn.
  White    (56%)       89   89   90   90   90   90   89   90   90
  Black    (32%)       88   88   90   89   89   89   88   89   89
  Hispanic ( 3%)       66   60   60   64   67   69   76   71   76
  Asian/PI ( 1%)       59   55   61   61   59   54   59   64   59
  Other    ( 7%)       24   25   28   27   26   25   29   39   37


Utah
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               49   51   53   62   68   68   70   70   70   69
Payer
  Medicaid (32%)  14   20   24   40   54   54   49   49   52   57
  Private  (63%)  67   70   72   74   74   75   76   76   75   74
Race/Ethn.
  White    (74%)  56   51   46   66   75   76   73   76   81   63
  Hispanic (12%)  11    8        15   18   20   11               
  Asian/PI ( 2%)  36   30   29   46                              
  Other    ( 1%)  31   33   40   59   49   49   69   45   46   41
  Missing  (10%)  50   56   58   65   69   70   71   70   68   70


Vermont
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               66   66   68   72   73   71
Payer
  Medicaid (43%)  69   69   72   75   75   73
  Private  (54%)  64   64   64   70   72   71
Race/Ethn.
  White    (93%)  67   67   68   72   73   73
  Missing  ( 4%)  70   61   76   73   76     


Washington
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               23   24   26   26   27   28   29   29   31   33
Payer
  Medicaid (41%)   9   14   15   16   12   20   12   12   14   15
  Private  (56%)  34   34   35   37   40   34   41   39   41   44


West Virginia
-----------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               85   82   83   79   84   85
Payer
  Medicaid (45%)  83   80   82   76   84   83
  Private  (41%)  87   84   85   82   85   87


Wisconsin
------------------------------------------------------------------
                 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001
                 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
All               82   83   83   84   84   84
Payer
  Medicaid (34%)  78   78   79   80   80   80
  Private  (61%)  86   87   87   87   87   87
Race/Ethn.
  White    (63%)  90   90   89   90   90   89
  Black    ( 7%)  91   90   93   92   91   89
  Hispanic ( 7%)  39   37   37   42   42   43
  Asian/PI ( 2%)  24   25   25   24   24   20
  Native   ( 1%)  92   92   81   88   84   90
  Other    ( 2%)  61   63   67   60   63   65
  Missing  (17%)  81   81   81   75   75   76

Citation:

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